IMPORTANT BASICS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE

VERY IMPORTANT BASICS

Of

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

SUBJECT/DOER   OBJECT    VOICE – Active/Passive   VERB

HELPING-VERB    NOUN    PRONOUN   ADJECTIVE   ADVERB

SUBJECT / DOER :  जो PERSON / ANIMAL या MACHINE SENTENCE में ACTION 

को PERFORM करता है उसे SUBJECT या DOER कहते है और इसे S या D से DENOTE (दर्शाना) करते हैं.

मैं Daily पूजा करता हूँ    :     I worship daily             S =  I

रवि MATHS पढ़ाता है     :     Ravi teaches Maths      S = Ravi

खाना रात को 8 बजे बनता है   :     Food is made at 8 pm        S =  No Subject

कल एक Accident हुआ      :     An Accident took place yest.   S =  Accident

रवि को किसने थप्पड़ मारा     :     Who slapped Ravi ?          S =  No Subject

OBJECT (O) : जिस PERSON / ANIMAL या MACHINE पर ACTION

को PERFORM किया जाता है उसे OBJECT कहते है

अजय ने रवि को मारा     :      Ajay beat Ravi               O = Ravi

रवि MATHS पढ़ाता है      :      Ravi teaches Maths          O = Maths

खाना रात को 8 बजे बनता है   :      Food is made at 8 pm       O = Food

रवि को किसने थप्पड़ मारा   :     Who slapped Ravi ?        O = Ravi

VOICE

Friends जब भी हम कोई भी LANGUAGE में SPEAKING / WRITING / READING करते हैं,

तो हम दो VOICES में करते है.  एक ACTIVE VOICE और दूसरा PASSIVE VOICE और इन दोनों के KNOWLEDGE के  बिना हम किसी भी LANGUAGE को PROPERLY LEARN या SPEAK नहीं कर सकते हैं.

ACTIVE VOICE : जिस SITUATION में SUBJECT IMPORTANT होता है और हमारा पूरा EFFORT (प्रयास )

ANSWER देते हुए ये बताने में होता है कि ACTION किसने PERFORM किया है , उस SITUATION में ACTIVE VOICE RULES USE करके SENTENCE बनता है .

और अगर SENTENCE QUESTION हो तो और QUESTION में SUBJECT के बारे में पुछा जाये तो भी उस SITUATION में ACTIVE VOICE RULES USE करके SENTENCE बनता है .

 ACTIVE VOICE के ENGLISH SENTENCES SUBJECT (कर्ता) से START होते हैं

SUBJECT  --- HELPING VERB --- VERB FORM – REMAINING PART

S – H.V – V.F – R.P  

ACTIVE VOICE के sentences में DIFFERENT TENSES में DIFFERENT FORMS OF VERBS use होती हैं

PASSIVE VOICE : जिस SITUATION में OBJECT IMPORTANT होता है और हमारा पूरा EFFORT (प्रयास )

ANSWER देते हुए ये बताने में होता है कि ACTION किसके ऊपर PERFORM किया है , उस SITUATION में PASSIVE VOICE RULES USE करके SENTENCE बनता है .

और अगर SENTENCE QUESTION हो तो और QUESTION में SUBJECT के बारे में न पूछ कर OBJECT से related पुछा जाये तो भी उस SITUATION में PASSIVE VOICE RULES USE करके SENTENCE बनता है .

PASSIVE VOICE के ENGLISH SENTENCES OBJECT (कर्ता) से START होते हैं

OBJECT   --- HELPING VERB --- VERB 3rd FORM  – REMAINING PART

O – H.V – V(3) – R.P  

Passive Voice के सभी sentences में VERB 3rd FORM use होती है चाहे वो किसी भी TENSE में हो

ACTIVE PASSIVE CHART – नीचे दिए हुए ACTIVE PASSIVE CHART के column 2  के PASSIVE SENTENCES हम सिर्फ और सिर्फ पुरानी THEORITICAL BOOKS में पाते है , REAL या PRACTICAL LIFE में न ही बोलते हैं न ही लिखते हैं.और जिन NEW BOOKS में आपको ऐसे PASSIVE SENTENCES मिलते हैं तो वो सिर्फ और सिर्फ EXAM में पास होने के लिए मजबूरी में पढाये या समझाए जाते हैं. आप Real life में column 2 नहीं बल्कि column 3 के SENTENCES बोलते हैं

ACTIVE VOICE S – H.V – V.F – R.P	PASSIVE VOICE (BOOKISH) Not in Practical Use O – H.V – V(3) – by – S	PASSIVE VOICE (PRACTICAL) In Daily use O – H.V – V(3) – R.P
मम्मी DINNER 8 बजे बनाती है Mother makes dinner at 8 pm	DINNER मम्मी दुआरा 8 बजे बनता है Dinner is made by Mother at 8 pm	हमारे यहाँ DINNER 8 बजे बनता है Dinner is made at 8 pm in our home.
RAVI SIR  क्लास में आजकल GRAMMAR पढ़ा रहे हैं. Ravi Sir is teaching Grammar in the classs these days	आजकल क्लास में RAVI SIR दुआरा GRAMMAR पढाई जा रही है. Grammar is being taught by Ravi Sir in the class these days	आजकल क्लास में GRAMMAR पढ़ाई जा रही है Grammar is being taught in the class these days
PRESIDENT OF INDIA 26 January को 15 Brave students को सम्मानित करते हैं President of India gives awards to 15 brave students on 26th january	26 January को 15 Brave students को PRESIDENT OF INDIA दुआरा सम्मानित किया जाता है Awards are given to 15 brave studnets by President of India on 26 January.	26 January को 15 Brave students को सम्मानित किया जाता है. Awards are given to 15 brave studnets on 26 January.
Terrorists ने कल 3 Indian soldiers मार डाला Terrorists killed 3 Indian soldiers yesterday.	3 Indian soldiers को Terrorists दुआरा कल मारा गया 3 Indian soldiers were killed by Terrorists yesterday.	कल एक Terrorists ATTACK में 3 Indian soldiers मारे गए 3 Indian soldiers were killed in aTerrorists attack yesterday.
कल सभी देशवासियों ने बड़े धूमधाम से DIWALI celebrate की All countrypeople celebrated Diwali wiht lots of joy yesterday.	कल DIWALI सभी देशवासियों दुआरा बड़े धूमधाम से celebrate की गयी Diwali was celebrated by all the country people yesterday with lots of joy	कल पुरे देश में DIWALI बड़ी धूम धाम से मनाई गयी Diwali was celebrated in the whole country with lots of joy yesterday.

MORE EXPLANATION ON ACTIVE VOICE :-

SITUATION 1.  ये road किस Governement ने बनायीं थी (QUESTION about Subject )

               Congress Govt. ने ये Road बनायीं थी :  Congress is the Subject

               Congress Govt. made this road  : Sentence Subject से start हो रहा है

SITUATION 2.  तुम्हे English कौन पढ़ाता है (QUESTION about Subject )

               विकास sir हुम्हे English पढ़ाते हैं.  : Vikas Sir is the Subject

               Vikas Sir teaches us English   : Sentence Subject से start हो रहा है

Other Examples : Ravi कभी Home Work complete नहीं करता है : Subject : Ravi

                 Ravi never completes his home –Work

                 मैं औरो पर बहुत जल्दी trust कर लेता हूँ   : Subject = I

                 I trust others very quickly 

          

    MORE EXPLANATION ON PASSIVE VOICE :-

             

SITUATION 1 ये road कब बनी थी ? ( QUESTION about Object & not about Subject )

             ये road 2 साल पहले बनी थी = This road was made two years ago

             Passive Voice :  Sentence OBJECT (Road) से start हो रहा है

SITUATION 2. तुम्हे second lecture में क्या पढ़ाया जाता है ?( QUESTION about Object & not Subject )

              हमे second lecture में English पढ़ाई जाती है

             ENGLISH is taught to us in second lecture  : English is an Object

Other Examples :

Please इन examples को पढ़ते हुए इन्हें ऊपर Active Voice के examples से जरुर compare करे

           Ravi की क्लास में रोज डांट पढ़ती है

           Ravi is scolded everyday in the class 

Ravi is an OBJECT & not a Subject क्यूंकि अब is situation में Ravi काम नहीं कर रहा है बल्कि उसके ऊपर काम हो रहा है ,,उसकी डांट पढ़ रही है ,,वो नहीं डांट रहा है

          मेरा बहुत आसानी से बेवकूफ बन जाता है

           I am fooled very easily 

          I is an OBJECT & not a SUBJECT 

NOUN : जो words ये बताते है कि किसका क्या नाम है या किसको  क्या कहते है उनको NOUN कहा जाता है Ex:   Ram, Shyam, TajMahal, Father , Uncle, America , Chair , table , Cricket etc. Other Nouns : Names of all Feelings = Happiness, Sadness, Jealousy, Love, Hatredness , Romance etc. Names of all body reactions = Pain, Relaxation, Thirst, Excitement etc. Names of all Processes & Acts =  Teaching, Swimming, Cooking, War etc. NOUN = WHAT (क्या) = क्या का जवाब देने वाले WORDS NOUN होते हैं	ADJECTIVES  :  जो Words ये बताते हैं कि Noun कैसा है उनको Adjectives कहते है जैसे  Riya कैसी है  :  Riya खुश है      Adjective Words : खुश (Happy)  Vikas Sir कैसे हैं   :  Vikas sir बहुत strict हैं   Adjective Words : Strict Adjectives वो शब्द होते हैं जो किसी व्यक्ति , वास्तु या जगह की विशेषता बताते हैं।   जैसे  सुन्दर ( Beautiful ) , INTELLIGENT, खुश (HAPPY) , दुखी (SAD) , अमीर (RICH) , POOR , QUALIFIED etc. ADJECTIVES को तीन Categories में बांटा जा सकता है  Qualities (गुण ) : ईमानदार  (Honest) ,  आज्ञाकारी  ( Obedient) , सच्चा (Truthful)  Characteristics /Traits (विशेषता  / पहचान  ) : पतला (Thin) , मोटा (Fatty), Small , Big , Beautiful  Condition (अवस्था ) : खुश(Happy) , दुखी( Sad ) ,  टूटा हुआ  (Broken) , फंसा हुआ  (Stuck)  ADJECTIVE = HOW (कैसा / कैसी ) कैसा / कैसी का जवाब देने वाले WORDS ADJECTIVE होते हैं
Q. जिंदगी में क्या चाहिए ? Ans. सुख (Happiness)	Q. रवि जिंदगी में कैसा है ? Ans. सुखी (Happy)
Q. हमे क्या नहीं चाहिए जिंदगी में ? Ans. दुःख (Sadness)	Q. तुम कैसे हो ? Ans. दुखी (Happiness)
Q. रवि के Behavior में क्या है ? Ans. विनम्रता (Politeness)	Q. रवि कैसा इन्सान है ? Ans. विनम्र (Polite)
Q. Terrorists क्या फैलाते हैं ? Ans. हिंसा (Violence)	Q. शेर कैसा जानवर है ? Ans. हिंसक (Violent)
Q. हमे वीर लोगो के बारे में जानकर क्या मिलता है   Ans. उत्साह (Motivation)	Q. प्रिय कैसी लड़की है ? Ans. उत्साही (Motivated)
Q. खाने में क्या होना चाहिए ? Ans. स्वाद (Taste)	Q. खाना कैसा होना चाहिए ? Ans. स्वादिस्ट (Tasty)
Q. भारत की बड़ी समस्या क्या है ? Ans. गरीबी (Poverty)	Q.भूटान कैसा देश है ?  Ans. गरीब (Poor)
Q. दुश्मन से लड़ने के लिए क्या चाहिए Ans. बहादुरी (Bravery)	Q. विनोद कैसा लड़का है ? Ans. बहादुर (Brave)
Q. भूत प्रेत को मानना क्या कहलाता है Ans. अंधविश्वास (Superstition)	Q. आदिवासी लोग कैसे होते हैं ? Ans. अन्धविश्वासी (Superstitious)
Q. Ans. चमक (Brightness)	Q. Ans. चमकीला (Bright)
Q. भारत को क्या चाहिए ? Ans. विकास (Development)	Q.भारत कैसा देश बनना चाहता है ?  Ans. विकसित (Developed)
Q. राहुल के व्यवहार में क्या है ? Ans. ईमानदारी (Honesty)	Q. राहुल कैसा लड़का है ? Ans. इमानदार (Honest)

Identify the following words as Noun & Adjective : -

Abusive, Cleverness, Impressive, Courage, Superstitioun, Arrogant, Fairness, Delicate, Corruption, Dirt, Trustable, Violent, Thief, Teacher, Readable, Humorous, kindness, Cruel,Tiredness, Fluency, Topper, Sin, Innocence,Confused, Disappointed, Attracted, Friendly, Enmity , Sweetness, Watchable, Mischief, Isolation, Isolated, Frustration, Anger, Lovable, Strictiness, Expectation, Expected, Capability, Capable, thirst, Political, Filmy, Curiousity, Extravagant, Devotee, Rough, Carefulness, History, Historical, Honour, Honourable.

TYPES OF ADJECTIVE

Positive Degree	Comparative Degree जब दो लोगो के बीच तुलना  (comparison) हो . कोई किसी से ज्यादा है तो ADJECTIVE से पहले MORE लगायेंगे और अगर कोई किसी से कम है तो ADJECTIVE से पहले LESS लगायेंगे	Superlative Degree जब दो लोगो से ज्यादा हो और ये Decide करना हो की उनमे से सबसे ज्यादा कौन है तो ADJECTIVE से पहले The Most लगायेंगे और ये Decide करना हो की उनमे से सबसे कम  कौन है तो ADJECTIVE से पहले The least लगायेंगे
ADJECTIVE	MORE ADJECTIVE LESS ADJECTIVE	THE MOST ADJECTIVE THE LEAST ADJECTIVE
Ravi is INTELLIGENT Marks : 82 Vivek is also INTELLIGENT Marks : 87 Manoj is also INTELLIGENT Marks : 92	Vivek is MORE  INTELLIGENT than Ravi Or Ravi is LESS INTELLIGENT than Vivek Manoj is MORE INTELLIGENT than Vivek Or Vivek is LESS INTELLIGENT than Manoj	Manoj is THE MOST INTELLIGENT boy among all AND Ravi is THE LEAST INTELLIGENT boy among all
BEAUTIFUL	MORE BEAUTIFUL LESS BEAUTIFUL	THE MOST BEAUTIFUL THE LEAST BEAUTIFUL
HONEST	MORE HONEST LESS HONEST	THE MOST HONEST THE LEAST HONEST

VERBS(Main Verbs)  & HELPING VERBS

VERBS उन WORDS को कहते है जो किसी भी क्रिया / काम  या  ACTION के होने को बतलाते हैं

ACTIONS / Verbs (Main Verb)  भी तीन प्रकार के होते हैं 

1. Physical Action (शारीरिक क्रिया)  : Run , Swim , Eat , Dance , Write etc. 

2. Mental Action (मानसिक क्रिया  )   :  Think , Dream  etc. 

3. Heart Action (भावनात्मक क्रिया) :  Love , Like , Hate , Care etc.

Other Verbs : IS , AM , ARE ,  DO , DOES , HAS, HAVE , DID , WAS , WERE , HAD, WILL  etc.

जो शब्द क्रिया या verb होता है उसका प्रयोग Different Forms में होता है या अगर हम कहें की जो शब्द

verbs होते है  सिर्फ उन्ही की different forms होती है जो  tense बदलने के साथ बदलती है। 

जैसे      V(1)             V(2)          V(3)          

EAT                ATE               EATEN              

       SPEAK           SPOKE            SPOKEN          

     IS                 WAS               BEEN              

AM                     WAS              BEEN             

ARE                  WERE            BEEN

HAS                  HAD               HAD

           

HELPING VERBS ( H.V ):

HELPING VERBS वो VERB WORDS होते हैं जो दुसरे VERB WORD को HELP करते हुए SENTENCE बनाते हैं   Helping Verbs को Supporting Verbs भी कहते हैं और जिन VERB WORD को ये SUPPORT करते हैं उन्हें MAIN VERB (M.V) कहते हैं .

EXAMPLES  :

Do / Does ,  Is/Am/Are, Has/Have, Has been/ Have been , Did , 

Was/Were, Had, Will, Shall , Will be, Will have/ Shall have , will have been

Other Helping Verbs : इन्हें Auxilliary Verbs भी कहते हैं : CAN, COULD, SHOULD ,

MUST , MAY , MIGHT , WOULD , OUGHT etc...

जब SENTENCE में सिर्फ HELPING VERB होता है तो वही HELPING VERB MAIN VERB (M.V) बन जाता हैं

I AM GOING TO DELHI TODAY    H.V = AM    M.V = V(ing) = GOING

HE HAS GONE TO MARKET        H.V = HAS   M.V = V(3) = GONE

I AM AT HOME TODAY             M.V = AM    H.V = NO Helping Verb

SHE HAS 3 PENS            M.V = HAS   H.V = NO Helping Verb

I DID NOT DO THIS WORK         H.V = DID   M.V =  DO

I DO NOT LIKE YOU                H.V = DO    M.V = LIKE

I DO MY HOMEWORK DAILY       M.V = DO   H.V = NO Helping Verb

ADVERB  =   Adjective + Verb  =  Adjective of  a Verb =  किसी भी कार्य की विशेषता 

बताने वाले शब्द  या वो शब्द जो  बताते हैं की  कोई भी कार्य कैसे  होता है।  

जैसे :   1.  रवि तेज़ दौड़ता है।    कैसे दौड़ता है == तेज़ (FAST : Adverb )   

           RAVI runs fast 

           2.  शीतल बहुत धीमे बोलती है।  

        Sheetal speaks softly     कैसे बोलती है == धीमे (Softly : Adverb)

       3. प्रिया बहुत प्यार से बात करती है

      Priya talks very politely   कैसे बात करती है == प्यार से ( Politely : Adverb)

       4. मै प्रियंका से बहुत प्यार करता हूँ

       4. I love Priyanka so much    Adverb == Much

English Champ Short cut : - हर Adjective से Adverb बड़ी आसानी से बनाया जा सकता है . Adjective से Adverb बनाने के लिए Adjective के End में +ly लगा देना होता है . ( Exception / अपवाद :  “Fast” Adjective से “Fastly” Adverb नहीं बनता, इस CASE में Adverb “Fast” ही रहता है )

Adjective	Adverb = Adjective + ly
Slow = Priya is a slow runner	Adverb = Slow + ly = Slowly Priya runs slowly
Polite = Rajesh is a polite teacher	Adverb = Polite + ly = Politely Rajesh teaches politely
Intelligent = He is an intelligent speaker	Adverb = Intelligent + ly = Intelligently He speaks intelligently
FAST = Ravi is a fast bolwer	Adverb = FAST = Ravi bowls fast
Clever = Birbal was a clever Minister	Adverb = Clever + ly = cleverly Birbal talked cleverly
Honest = Prashant is an honest employee	Adverb = Honest + ly = Honestly Prashant works honestly
Proper = Rakesh is a proper batsman	Adverb = Proper + ly = Properly Rakesh bats properly
Loud = Rita is a loud speaker	Adverb = Loud + ly = Loudly Rita speaks loudly

PRONOUN CHART

	Subject  Pronoun	Object Pronoun	Possessive Adjective	Possessive Pronoun	Reflexive Pronoun
1st person	I I love Riya	Me Riya loves me	My I love my country This is my pen	Mine This pen is mine	Myself I wash clothes myself
1st person (plural)	We We love P.M Modi	Us P.M Modi loves Us	Our We love our country These are our pens	Ours These pens are ours	Ourselves We wash clothes ourselves
2nd person	You You care me	You I care you	Your You love your country This is your pen	Yours This pen is yours	Yourself You wash clothes yourself
2nd person (plural)	you	you	your	yours	yourselves
3rd person (male)	He He loves Priya	Him Priya loves him	His He loves his country This is his pen	His This pen is his	Himself He washes clothes himself
3rd person (female)	She she loves Raj	Her Raj loves her	Her She loves her country This is her pen	Hers This pen is hers	Herself She washes clothes herself
3rd person (neuter)	It It (Tommy Dog) cares Raj(owner	It Raj feeds  it (Dog) daily	Its Tommy loves its ower This is its food	(not used)	Itself Tommy eats food itself
3rd person (plural)	They They care me	Them I care them	Their They love their country These are their pens	Theirs These pens are theirs	Themselves They wash clothes themselves

COMBINATION  OF  VERB (MAIN VERB / M.V )  

  &   HELPING VERB (H.V)  

(Used in Active Voice Only)

Friends नीचे दिए हुए 4 different Table Boxes में Verb & Helping Verbs के combination दिए हुए हैं

ये सभी combinations Active Voice में ही use होते हैं .

अगर आप अच्छी English बोलना चाहते हैं , तो इन Combination को अच्छी तरह से practice कीजिये और रोज Revise कीजिये

M.V = Verb First Form V(1)   Eat , Speak , Write , Call, Drink , See
DO & DOES (Present Tense)	DID (Past Tense)	WILL (Future Tense)
CAN , SHOULD , MUST, MAY, MIGHT  (Present Tense)	COULD , WOULD  (Past Tense)	WOULD  (Future Tense)

M.V = Verb Second Form V(2)   Ate , Spoke , Wrote , Called, Drank ,
Not Used in Present Tense	Used only in Past Tense NO HELPING VERB	Not used in Future Tense

M.V = Verb First Form V(3)   Eaten , Spoken , Written , Called, Drunk
HAS  / HAVE (Present Tense)	HAD (Past Tense)	WILL HAVE (Future Tense)

Verb First Form V(ing)   Eating , Speaking , Writing, Calling , Seeing
IS / AM / ARE (Present Tense)	WAS  /  WERE (Past Tense)	WILL  BE (Future Tense)
HAS BEEN /  HAVE BEEN (Present Tense)	HAD BEEN (Past Tense)	WILL  HAVE BEEN (Future Tense)

Short cut to Speak in all the Tenses

(सिर्फ एक Tense को जानकर कैसे बोले तीनो Tenses में)

Friends आज इस post के जरिये आप जान जाओगे कि कितनी Easily आप तीनो tenses (ACTIVE –VOICE ONLY) में बोल सकते हो I आपको सिर्फ Present Tense में बोलना आना चाहिए और फिर Past और Future tense में बोलने के लिए आपको Present Tense के sentence में सिर्फ एक word को change करना है.

Change होने वाला word Verb होगा या Helping Verb . नीचे दिए हुए chart में बताया गया है कि कौन सा VERB या HELPING VERB change होना है.

PRESENT V(1)	PAST V(2)	FUTURE Will + V(1)
कोई काम करता है कोई काम होता है I MEET  Mohit in the evening daily. Do/Does + V(1) I Don’t meet Priya daily Does Sir teach you Grammar daily ? How long does your father watch T.V daily?	किसी ने कोई काम किया था या करता था / कोई काम हुआ था I MET   Rajesh in the college yesterday. Did + V(1) {Did is a 2nd Form of Do / Does) I Didn’t meet Priya yesterday Did Sir teach you Modals yesterday ? How long did your father watch T.V last night ?	कोई काम करेगा कोई काम होगा I WILL MEET  Vikas Sir in the college tomorrow Will + V(1) I will not meet anyone tomorrow Will Sir not teach you next Monday ? How long will you study tonight?
कोई काम कर रहा है या कोई कैसा है Am / Is Are I AM very happy today. ARE you busy right now?  I can’t talk right now because  I AM teaching.	कोई उस समय काम कर रहा था या कोई कैसा था Was Were I WAS very happy yesterday. WERE you busy at this time yesterday? I couldn’t talk at that time yest. because I WAS teaching.	कोई उस समय काम कर रहा होगा या कोई कैसा होगा         WILL +       Be I will BE very happy tomorrow. Will you BE busy at this time next Sunday? I will not talk at that tomorrow because I WILL BE  teaching.
किसी के पास कुछ है किसी ने काम कर लिया Has/Have I HAVE no time right now. Ravi HAS lot of property presently I HAVE done my homework.	किसी के पास कुछ था किसी ने काम कर लिया था Had I HAD no time yesterday. Vinay  HAD 5 cars  earlier. I HAD done my homework before you came.	किसी के पास कुछ होगा / कोई काम कर लेगा Will Have I WILL HAVE no time in the evening tomorrow. I WILL HAVE money tomorrow. I WILL HAVE done my homework before father comes.

PRESENT   V(1) 1st Verb of every sentence of Present tense is always in 1st Form	PAST  V(2) For making the sentence in Past, convert the 1st Verb of Present tense into 2nd Form
I love you	I loved you in school days
Do/Does	Did
I do not love Priya	I did not love Priya in school days
Is/Am	Was
I am very happy today	I was very happy yesterday
How am I looking today in this shirt	How  was I looking in that shirt yesterday
ARE	WERE
Where are you today?	Where were you yesterday?
How are you today ?	How were you yesterday?
I am very happy today	I was very happy yesterday
Sir is teaching chapter 3 right now	Sir was teaching chapter 4 at this time yesterday
HAS / HAVE	HAD
I have 1000 Rs right now	I had 600 Rs yesterday
Do you have money right now ?	Did you have money yesterday?
I do not have a bike today	I did not have a bike yesterday
CAN	COULD
I can’t help you today	I couldn’t help you yesterday
Can you give me 1000 Rs today?	Could you give me 1000 Rs yesterday?

TYPES OF SENTENCES IN ANY TENSE OR SUB TENSE

English Speaking करते हुए Sentences दो type से बनते हैं

  

Question  जो बनता है वो  Answer से ही बनता है और इसके लिए Answer में Subject के बाद आने वाले Helping Verb को Question बनाते हुए Subject से पहले लगाना होता है --- इसका मतलब Questions बनाने के लिए आपको अलग सोचना नहीं पड़ता है . इसलिए जब भी आपको Question बनाने में Problem आये, तो उस Question का Answer बनाये और इस प्रकार Question खुद बन जायेगा

QUESTION दो तरह के होते हैं – Confirmation (Question Type 1) – जब भी हमें जवाब “YES” या “NO” में चाहिए होता है तो उस Question को Confirmation Question कहते हैं और उस Question में “क्या” का मतलब “WHAT” नहीं होता है. क्या तुम दिल्ली में काम करते हो ?  == Do you work in Delhi ?    Question Word (Question Type 2) - जब भी हमें जवाब “YES” या “NO” में नहीं चाहिए होता है तो उस Question को Question Type 2 कहते हैं और उस Question में “क्या” का मतलब “WHAT” होता है. तुम दिल्ली में क्या करते हो ? == What do you do in Delhi ?

नीचे दिए हुए Chart Examples से आपको ये बात CLEAR हो जाएगी कि ENGLISH कितनी Easy language है , आपको सिर्फ और सिर्फ ANSWER बनाना आना चाहिए , QUESTIONS और NEGATIVE SENTENCE खुद ब खुद बन जायेंगे. आपको सिर्फ  ANSWER में दिए हुए SENTENCE FORMULA को आगे पीछे करना है  और बाकी तरह के SENTENCE अपने आप बन जायेंगे .

Positive Sentence (Answer Type 1)	Negative Sentence (Answer Type 2)	Confirmation Sentence (Question Type 1)	Question Word Sentence (Question Type 2)
S – H.V – M.V	S – H.V not – M.V	H.V -- S –– M.V	Q.W -- H.V -- S –– M.V
Ravi – is – going	Ravi – is not – going	Is – Ravi – going	Where – is – Ravi – going
Raj – will – come	Raj – will not -- come	Will – Raj – come	When – Will – Raj -- come
Riay – has – gone	Riya – has not – gone	Has – Riya – gone	Where – has – Riya – gone
Raj – was -- absent	Raj – was not -- come	Was – Raj – absent	Why – Was – Raj -- absent
Vikas – is – a Teacher	Vikas – is not – a Teacher	Is – Vikas – a Teacher	In Which School – is – Vikas – a Teacher
It  – will – rain today	It – will not – rain today	Will – It – rain today	When – Will – it – rain today
Raj – can – give money	Raj – can not – give money	Can – Raj – give money	When – can – Raj – give money
India—would—be a developed country	India – would not – be a developed country	Would – India – be a developed Country	When – would – India – be a developed Country

Positive Sentence (Answer Type 1)	Negative Sentence (Answer Type 2)	Confirmation Sentence (Question Type 1)	Question Word Sentence (Question Type 2)
S – H.V – M.V	S – H.V not – M.V	H.V -- S –– M.V	Q.W -- H.V -- S –– M.V
Priya  – is – going			Where –
			When – Will – Father – buy new T.V
		Has – Sir – taught this chapter	How much –
			Why – is – this phone – not working
Ravi – will—come at the party			With whom –
	India – can not – remove corruption		How –
		Will  – Priya – marry Raj	When –
Sir—will— teach chapter 3 tomorrow			Why –
	Priya – was not --  absent  yesterday		Why --
			How – will – India win this world cup
I – NA – smoke Cigarette I smoke cigarette	I – do not – smoke cigarette	Do  – You – smoke cigarette	Why – do – you – smoke cigarette
I – NA – run daily I run daily	I – do not – run daily	Do – You – run daily	Why – do – you – run daily
I  – NA  – talk to Priya daily			When --
			Why – do – you – go to temple daily
I – will – work as a  Teacher	I – will not – work as a Teacher	Will – you – work as a Teacher	Why – will – you – work as a Teacher
My father – NA – wakes up at 6 am	My father  – does not – wake up at 6 am	Does  –your father  – wake up at 6 am	When – does  – your – father wake up
Rahul – NA – studies 4 hours everyday			How much time --
I – NA – read Newspaper 1 hour daily			How much time --
My father – can  – speak  English very easily			Which language –
I – NA – have 1000 Rs right now	I – do not – have 1000 Rs right now		How much money --
		Are – People – dancing	Where --

Positive Sentence (Answer Type 1)	Negative Sentence (Answer Type 2)	Confirmation Sentence (Question Type 1)	Question Word Sentence (Question Type 2)
S – H.V – M.V	S – H.V not – M.V	H.V -- S –– M.V	Q.W -- H.V -- S –– M.V
Father  – is – teaching Maths these days			What –
Sir – will – start the class late today			When – will – Sir – start the class
		Has – Kohli  – scored 100 Runs	How many runs –
			Why – will – Indian Govt – ban notes again
My sister – is —preparing for the IAS Exam			For which Exam –
	India – can not – solve Kashmir problem		How –
		Will  – India – win the next cricket world cup	How –
Sir—has— taught  4 chapters			How many chapters –
	Priya – was not --  happy   yesterday		Why –
			How – will – India win this world cup
I – NA – chat with  Priya daily   I chat with Priya daily			With whom  –
I – NA – think about my mother the most			About whom  –
I  – am – concerned about this project			Why  --
I – am – going to the market with Priya			With whom –
I – will – take money from Ravi tomorrow			From whom  –
My brother – NA – plays cricket  daily	My brother  – does not – play cricket daily		Where –
			How – can – Rahul – solve this question
I – NA – went to Kanpur yesterday	I – did – not – go to kanpur yesterday		Where  --
I  – would  – like to go to Mussoorie for a ride with you			Where –
I – am – scared of Ghost			What  --
			How – can – you – speak fluent English in 3 moths