LECTURETTE / SHORT SPEECH : EXTEMPORE

LECTURETTE / EXTEMPORE / SHORT SPEECH

किसी भी  given TOPIC पर बिना preparation के दी हुई short speech को Extempore कहते हैं . इसे Ad-hoc presentation या Lecturate भी कहते हैं.

हमें Extempore या Lecturette पर preparation or practice निम्नलिखित reasons के लिए करनी चाहिए :-

                  1.     Public Speaking को improve करने के लिए

                  2.     Stage Fear को completely remove करने के लिए

                  3.     Group Discussion (GD) में participate करने से पहले अपने को GD के different topics पर Prepare     करने के लिए

                   4.     अगर आप Group Discussion (GD) में command पाना चाहते हैं तो Extempore के through GD के          जितने भी topics पर speech दे सकते हैं आपको देने चाहिए .

                 5.     Interview के दौरान किसी भी topic पर पूछे जाने पर ON THE SPOT बोलने के लिए.

Types of  Lecturette / Extempore topics & Method of Speaking

जब भी आपको कोई topic मिलता है तो सबसे पहला important step होता है Topic की CATEGORY या TYPE को पहचानना और फिर उस category के according method को apply करके उसे लिखना या बोलना

आगे आप जानेंगे कि Topics कितने Type or Category के होते हैं और हर Category पर बोलने या लिखने का क्या method होता है.

TYPE 1 or CATEGORY 1 General Descriptions	My City , My Village, India, U.S.A, CHINA , New Delhi, Mumbai, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh Etc.
TYPE 2 or CATEGORY 2 Importance of Something	Importance of Computer, Importance of Science, Importance of Globalization, Importance of Defence Etc.
TYPE 3 or CATEGORY 3 Problem of Something	Problem of Corruption, Overpopulation, Pollution, Terrorism, Child Labour, Female Foeticide, Deforestation Etc.
TYPE 4 or CATEGORY 4 ABSTRACT TOPICS	Black , Life without colours, India in 2050, Yellow, Blue Etc.

Types of  Lecturette / Extempore topics

TYPE 1 or CATEGORY 1

General Descriptions
Descriptive Topics

My School, My college, My city Dehradun, My country, My father, My Sweet Home, My Parents, My best friend, My brother, My sister, My colony, My Institute, My favourite Teacher, My favourite Sports, My favourite Picnic spot and why, My favourite hill station and why, My favourite subject and why, My favourite actor / actress and why, The place I like the most in this world

HOW  TO  SPEAK  ON   DESCRIPTIVE  TOPICS

STEP 1	CREATING SUSPENSE ABOUT THE TOPIC
STEP 2	RECOGNITION LOCATION STATUS AREA / POPULATION .
STEP 3	PLACE  DESCRIPTION : What important and basic things are there
STEP 4	DEMOGRAPHIC & PSYCHOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION
STEP 5	OTHER  POINTS  : Ruling Party / Govt. in Power Historical Importance CONCLUSION

Take an example of Describing Dehradun

1.    HOW TO START

     Topic की starting कभी भी Topic के नाम को directly बोलकर नहीं बल्कि उसके बारे में थोड़ी भूमिका बना कर और suspense create करके करनी चाहिए जिस से सुनने वालो के मन में उस Topic के प्रति CURIOSITY (जानने की इच्छा ) पैदा हो और वो उसमे शुरू से ही interest लेना शुरू कर दें .नीचे दिए हुए example से आपको ये बात clear हो जाएगी .

       Friends , Today I am going to describe one of the most beautiful place of North India. This place has always been the centre of attraction for all the people of India and  the world and friends, that place is none other than our beautiful city DEHRADUN

1.    STATUS / RECOGNITION, LOCATION / AREA / POPULATION : 

          Recognition :  Dehradun is the capital of Uttarakhand

         Location    It is one of the largest city of Uttarakhand

                         It is a beautiful city of North India.

                         It is a valley surrounded by Shivalik mountains

                         Its area is around 3000 sq km

                         It has a population of around 20 lakh

2.     PLACE  DESCRIPTION :  What is there in the place

a)     Roads & transport facilities

b)    Connectivity with other parts of the country via Bus / Railway / Airport

c)     Education , Health & Main markets

d)    Law & order Situation and Weather Conditions

e)     Industry & Employement opportunities .

f)     Entetainment facilities & Visiting places : 

Picnic  spots / Amusement Parks , Temples

Historical buildings , Govt. famous buildings etc

g)    Other famous neighboring areas

Most of the sentences will be made like this  : -- 

Dehradun has ………………..Or 

there is …………………….in Dehradun

There are ………………………in Dehradun

·         Dehradun has  proper Raod & transport facility. It has many broad roads including ring roads and flyovers. It is well connected with other states via Bus , Railway & Aeroplance. It has its own ISBT, Railway Station & Airport.

·         It has one of the best schools of India like Doon School , Welhams Boy & Girls , Brightland , St. Thomas , Convent etc.

·         It has many good govt. colleges like D.A.V , D.B.S , SGRR Degree college

·         It has many good & private universities & colleges like Doon University, Graphic Era university, UIT , DIT etc.

·         It has good Hospitals like MAX , SYNERGY , CMI etc.

·         It has large & small markets including many shopping malls & shopping tower & showrooms.Paltan Market, Indira market & Tibbati market are the main markets of Dehradun

·         The law & order situation of Dehradun is very good. The crime rate is very low and the Police of Derhadun is also very supportive and disciplined.

·         Dehradun doesn’t have a great industrial area. It has few industrial areas including Selaqui, clement Town , IT park sahastradhara. Education industry is much better in Dehradun and give employment to majority of people.

      

REST OF THE POINTS LIKE (f) & (g) CAN BE WRITTEN BY  YOURSELF

………………………………………..

…………………………………………..

3.      DEMOGRAPHY  &  PSYCHOGRAPHY  of  the Area .

Demography :  Age , Gender , Religion, Occupation , Income  etc.

Phycography : Living style , Interest , Behavior etc.

USE  PRESENT  SIMPLE  TENSE   Subject  ---- V(1)  in most of the sentences

Demography :  Age , Gender , Religion, Occupation , Income  etc.

All age group people live in Dehradun , most of the people are young & middle age.

Male as well as Female get equal freedom & opportunity

All religion people live in Dehradun, but most of the people are Hindus & Garhwali.

People do govt. & private jobs, and many are self-employed.

Most of the people live a middle class life in dehradun.

Phycography : Living style , Interest , Behavior etc.

            People  enjoy all the festivals together

             They live a very simple & peaceful life.

         People find interest in different sports & local activities.

          They help each other and participate in all the social functions full heartedly.

4.    OTHER  POINTS  FROM  YOUR  SIDE                

BJP is the ruling party in Dehradun & Trivendra Singh Rawat is the chief minister of Uttarakhand.

Dehradun is a very old city and there are many historical places including TAPOVAN, SURVEY OF INDIA etc.

CONCLUSION :-  

At last I want to say that there is so much to speak on this topic , but due to time limit , I want to conclude that Dehradun is one of the most beautiful cities of North India and you must visit Dehradun once in your life. 

TYPE 2 or CATEGORY 2

Importance of Something 

IMPORTANCE OF SOMETHING

Importance of : Movies, God, Pet, Friend, T.V, Mobile, Computer, Internet, Books, Bike, Marriage, Music, Songs, English, Love, Teacher, Father, Mother, Water, Science, Sports, Culture, Festivals, Parents, social Networking websites, Facebook, Electricity, Newspaper, Hobbies, Education, Money, Job, Life partner, Fashion, School life, College Life, machines, Cricket in India, Villages, Rivers, Air, Natural resources, Joint Family, Grand Parents, National Festivals, Magazines, Library, Emotions, Romance, Agriculture, Farmers, Jogging ,Exercise, Gym , Defence, Technology, Physical fitness / Exercise,

Globalization, Women Empowerment, Positive Attitude, Discipline, Goal , Personality

HOW  TO  SPEAK  ON   IMPORTANCE OF SOMETHING  TOPICS


TAKE AN EXAMPLE OF COMPUTER / XYZ 

STEP 1	CREATING SUSPENSE ABOUT THE TOPIC
STEP 2	ROLE OF COMPUTER / XYZ .
STEP 3	WHAT IS THE MEANING OF COMPUTER / XYZ Literal Meaning & Symbolic Meaning
STEP 4	WHY & WHEN IS THERE A NEED OF COMPUTER / XYZ
STEP 5	WHERE IS THERE A NEED OF COMPUTER /XYZ
STEP 6	DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER / XYZ
STEP 7	BUSINESS, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EDUCATION
STEP 8	EFFECT ON HUMAN LIFE AT PRESENT & IN FUTURE
STEP 9	CONCLUSION

(Topic की starting कभी भी Topic के नाम को directly बोलकर नहीं बल्कि उसके बारे में थोड़ी भूमिका बना कर और suspense create करके करनी चाहिए जिस से सुनने वालो के मन में उस Topic के प्रति CURIOSITY (जानने की इच्छा ) पैदा हो और वो उसमे शुरू से ही interest लेना शुरू कर दें .नीचे दिए हुए example से आपको ये बात clear हो जाएगी .

Friends , Today I am going to describe one of the most important topic which touches the life of each and every preson here. I am going to describe one of the biggest mankind innovation which has revolutionized the lives of each and every person. Yes I am talking about the most important machine of our life that is COMPUTER.

Frineds , First of all I want to tell you   WHAT  IS  THE  ROLE OF COMPUTER  : 

Computer plays a very important & vital role in human’s life.

It has lot of importance all over the world including Developed, Developing and Under Developed Countries..

Without the role of computer , we can’t imagine the conformts and easiness of our life.

Computer brings lot of positive and revolutionary changes in our life.

Now friends, I want to tell you   WHAT IS A COMPUTER  : 

LITERAL MEANING (Definition) : : –

Computer is an electronic machine particularly used for calculation, Education, technology, research &  other purposes.

SYMBOLIC MEANING (Association of Computer with others) –

Computer means Development

Computer means Information Revolution

Computer means Innovation

Computer means Technology

Computer means Entertainment.

Now friends, I want to tell you   WHY, WHEN & WHERE is there a need of computer :

If we want to update ourselves with the world, we need computer & computer knowledge.

If we want to get good & advanced education, We need computer

If we want to make our work easier and faster we need computer.

If we want  transparency in different working areas like banking, Finance, Law and order etc, we need sound knowledge of computer.

If we want to use some Special effect softwares like Adobe photoshop, Corel Draw and want to bring special effects in Action or science fiction movies or animated movies , we need computer.

Without computer we can’t make movies like AVATAR, X-MEN, STAR WARS, 300 , KRISH etc.

It would not be incorrect to say that If we want overall development at present time, we need computer in our life. .

WHERE  : We use computer everywhere at present time. We use computer in school, home, offices, business houses etc. We use computer in Schools & colleges for education. We use computer in banks & offices for documentation & data storage. We use computer in science & technology for research work. We use computer in film making & designing for special effects .

Now friends, I want to tell you   DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER  on different basis:-

On the basis of Design & major functions -:

1.    Desktop

2.    Laptop

3.    Palmtop

4.    Notebook

Describe all these different in one or two lines

On the basis of Different companies’ Processor

1.     Budget Processors - : AMD Sempron & Intel Celeron

2.     Mainstream Processors -: AMD Athlon 64 & Intel Pentium 4

3.     Dual Core Processors -: AMD Anthlon 64*2 & Intel Pentium D

On the basis of Different Brand Manufacturing companies

1.      HP

2.      DELL

3.      ACER

4.      LENOVO

5.      HCL

Employment  Generation & Industry

Computer Industry is one of the biggest industry at present time. Along with this, computer accessories industry is also one of the biggest industry in the world.

Computer industry gives birth to innumerous other large industries like Software & Hardware Manufacturing, Animation, Computer repairing, call center & knowledge process outsourcing and service & banking industry etc.

It employs millions of people all over the world in different fields. 

EDUCATION

Computer education or computer knowledge is must for 99% jobs at present time. Without computer knowledge you can’t get a job anywhere.

There are many things to learn about computer. Basically people learn the following 4 major things about computer

1.     Computer software knowledge by doing B.Tech, BCA, MCA, B.Sc (IT) etc

2.     Computer hardware course by doing Certificate or diploma courses from Jetking and many other computer institutes

3.     Computer language courses  like Java, HTML , C, C++ etc.

4.     Advanced computer courses like Ethical Hacking, Web designing, Doeacc etc.

Effect on Human life at Present & in Future

At present, Computer has changed the lives of people completely all over the world.

 It has made life so easy that we can’t imaginge the comforts and entertainments of present time without it.

Human beings can do more works with in a given time in comparison to past. It has given wings to person’s creativity in the field of arts & science.

In Future, Computer will keep dominating the lives of human beings and will come out with new & updated versions and every work will be governed by it in the coming days.

CONCLUSION :-

At last I want to say that there is so much to speak on this topic , but due to time limit , I want to conclude that Computer plays an indispensable role in human life at present time and we can’t imagine our modern life without it.

TYPE 3 or CATEGORY 3

Problem of Something 

PROBLEM OF SOMETHING

Problem of – Population, Corruption, Increasing Crime, Pollution, Deforestation, Ragging, Poverty, Unemployment, Misusing Mobile, Misusing Internet, Excess Homework, Racism, Terrorism, River Pollution, child labour, child marriage, killing female foeticide, Honour killing, caste system, communalism, Power Failure, Traffic, Suicide among youngsters, illiteracy, Smoking, Drinking , Drug Addiction, Increasing Divorce cases in the society, Adulteration, Adultery in Relations........

How to speak on Problem of Something topics

In order to speak on the topic related to problem , let us understand by taking an example of Problem of Corruption

Problem of Corruption 1st Step How big the problem is & What the Problem is all about 2nd Step What is the present status of The problem with examples 3rd Step Effects of the problem 4th Step Causes of the problem 5th Step Solutions of the problem

HOW TO START :

(Topic की starting कभी भी Topic के नाम को directly बोलकर नहीं बल्कि उसके बारे में थोड़ी भूमिका बना कर और suspense create करके करनी चाहिए जिस से सुनने वालो के मन में उस Topic के प्रति CURIOSITY (जानने की इच्छा ) पैदा हो और वो उसमे शुरू से हीinterest लेना शुरू कर दें .नीचे दिए हुए example से आपको ये बात clear हो जाएगी .

Friends , Today I am going to describe one of the most debatable topic which  affects the life of each and every preson here. I am going to describe one of the biggest threat to humankind which has disrupted the lives of many people across the globe.Yes I am talking about one of the major proble of present time  and that is CORRUPTION

HOW BIG THE PROBLEM IS

·         Corruption is one of the biggest & major problem of the world.

·         It is a worldwide problem. It is not confined / limited to one country.Every country is affected by it upto certain extent.

·         It is such a big problem that without combined & collective efforts, we can’t remove this problem.

·         This single problem gives birth to many other problems.

WHAT THE  PROBLEM IS ALL ABOUT

Literal Meaning :- 

·         Corruption means doing any work dishonestly or using others’ allotted shares for your own profit or self interest.

·         Corruption means misusing public fund for one’s own self-interest or bribing people & others for getting work done illegally or dishonestly.

Symbolic Meaning :  

·         Corruption is like a worm / Termite which is eating the growth & development of our country.

·         It is like a waterfall which flows from Top to bottom.

·         Corruption is a social evil

·         Corruption is like a communicable disease which spreads from one person to another.

PRESENT  STATUS

At present time, Corruption is the biggest problem for any country especially for Developing countries and under developed countries. Corruption has spread in most of the departments of government including Health, Education, Public work & even in Defence. It has become the major issue in every national & state elections.

Corruption is inversely propotional to the Development and that is why world is divided into three types of countries because of their development works which are inversely propotional to the level of corruption in these countries.

FACTS & FIGURES : As per the report of TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL published in 2017 INDIA ranks 79^th out of 176 countries in the world on a scale ranging from 0 (higly corrupt) to 100 (Very clean). New Zealand and Denmark are the least corrupt countries in the world with a score of 90. Finland and Sweden are at No. 3 and 4 respectively followed by Switzerland , Norway, Singapore, Netherland, Canada and Germany.

Somalia, Syria, South Sudan, North korea, Afganistan and Iraq are the most corrupt countries in the world.

EFFECTS OF CORRUPTION :

1.     WEAK ECONOMY :-  Corruption in the form of Black money, tax evasion, Fake currency circulation and Government & Corporate Scams always puts an adverse/harmful affect on the Economy and make economy weak with the passage of time.

FACTS & FIGURES : -

Examples of Recent Scams : -

Indian Coal Allocation Scam	185591 Crore	Central Government (NATIONAL)
2G Spectrum Allocation Scam	176000 Crore	Central Government (NATIONAL)
Commonwealth Games Scam	70000 Crore	Central Government (NATIONAL)
Abhishek Verma Arms Deal Scam	80000 Crore	INDIAN  DEFENCE  SECTOR
Sharda Group Financial Scam	40000 Crore	West Bengal Government
Uttar Pradesh NHRM Scam	10000 Crore	Uttar Pradesh Government
Agusta Westland Chopper Scam	2600 Crore	INDIAN  DEFENCE  SECTOR

TAX EVASION / BLACK MONEY ESTIMATION :

In February 2012, the director of India's Central Bureau of Investigation said that Indians have US$500 billion (32241500000000 rupees)  of illegal funds in foreign tax havens, more than any other country

All Above Scams Money and amount of Black money show only one thing , that if all these corruption activities had not happened, then India would have been a Developed country and a Superpower of the world at this time.

2.     SLOW DEVELOPMENT PROCESS :- Due to corruption in the bureaucracy and in the politics many government programmes & schemes for the poor or needy section of the society are not able to give desired and timely results and this way weaker/poor/ underprivileged section of the society is not able to become the part of development process and this way development process becomes slow and country remains either under developed or developing and never be able to become a developed country.Developement is higly dependent on the performance of Key sectors like EDUCATION, HEALTH, AGRICULTURE & OTHER MAJOR SOCIAL WELFARE SECTORS.

FACTS & FIGURES : - The UNESCO’s International Institute of Educational Planning study on corruption in education released recently says that 25% teacher absenteeism in India is among the highest in the world

In Bihar two of every five teachers were reported absent the figure in UP was reported to be one-third of the total teachers. However in states like Gujarat and Kerala the figure was lower than 15% the report based on several small studies.

Another indictment of the sorry state of Indian education was the view held by students that cheating in examinations is their traditional right. In India universities cheating is now well-established. The fees for manipulating entrance tests ranges between $ 80 to $ 20,000 for popular programmes such as computer science, medicine and engineering the report said.

3.     WEAK LAW & ORDER : - Corruption in police and now found in defence in some cases makes country’s law & order weak and this way crime rate increases in the society. Due to corruption in police , people play with the laws and a common man starts disbelieving the law and order machinery of that area or country.

4.     SLOW JUDICIARY PROCESSES:

5.     OTHER MAJOR PROPLEMS :- POVERTY, UNEMPLOYMENT, POLLUTION & SOCIAL EVILS

(You can describe point 4 & point 5  in your own words)

CAUSES OF CORRUPTION : 

1.     LACK OF POLITICAL WILL POWER   /  WEAK  GOVERNMENT / WEAK LEADERSHIP

One of the biggest cause of corruption is lack of political will power. Countries where the leadership or government does not want to bring major painful changes in the social, economic or political system, there corruption can never end.

Some examples of strong political will power are :- 

a)     Bihar CM Nitish kumar’s ban on Liquour

b)    PM Modi’s  imposition of Demonitisation

c)     Central government law of linking adhaar with all the services.

2.     LACK OF  STRICT RULES  &  FAST  PUNISHMENTS

3.     GREED & LACK OF FEELING OF NATIONALITY

4.     SLOW  JUDICIAL PROCESS

5.     LACK OF TRANSPARENCY ESPECIALLY AT THE INSTITUTION LEVEL

(You can describe all other  points  in your own words) .

SOLUTION OF CORRUPTION :

1.     Make all the possible transaction by ONLINE / CHEQUE

Indian Govt. should make this step compulsory for all the required transaction in the country but it should be done in a systematic way and not in a sudden way. This change should be brought in the country by lowering the transaction amount gradually and linking Adhaar with all the transaction.

2.     Make all the procedures of doing government work DIGITAL as soon as possible to bring more and more transparency in the system.

3.     Making Biometric Attendance compulsory in all the Government offices and installing CCTV in all the government offices.

4.     Increasing the number of Government Public Services Institutions like HOSPITALS, SCHOOLS, UNIVERSITIES, POLICE STATIONS,  MEDICAL STORES and increasing the number of empoloyees in these institutions to lower the burden of work and inefficiency.

5.     Increasing the number of COURTS and filling the vacant posts of Judges in the existing courts to speed up the judicial process.

6.     Bringing the Strict laws like RTI , RTE , LOKPAL  and amending the existing laws which are full of loopholes. 

TYPE 4 or CATEGORY 4

ABSTRACT TOPICS

 Life without colours, My dream Job, School without teachers, Black, Yellow, Success, Music, Smile on a baby face, My school days, Fast food, Hero Honda, America, Girl without praise, Love, smile, Failure, Death, Motivation

Abstract topics are those topics which do not have set pattern or category. They are given to check the creativity & correlation ability of the candidate. They are given to check the attitude, thinking & creativity of the candidate.

HOW TO SPEAK ON ABSTRACT TOPICS

For Example : BLACK

Relate Black with everything which is black having positive & strong meaning like .

1.     Black is the color of knowledge as everything written in Newspaper, Books & magazines is in black color.

2.     Black is the color of justice as the dresscode of lawyers, judge & other legislative people is black.

3.     Black is the color of beauty, as the beauty of stars can only be enjoyed in a black night. Without black night one can’t enjoy the beauty of night.

4.     Without black race or people , white race or fair people can’t get importance in the world. So when there are black people , then only white people get importance.

Black is the name of a movie made by Sanjay leela Bhansali which tells us that how one can fight against all odds when everything is black around him/her.